[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1580},["ShallowReactive",2],{"blog-waitgroups-in-golang":3,"blog-all-for-related":1125},{"id":4,"title":5,"author":6,"body":7,"cardAlt":5,"categories":1110,"description":1113,"draft":1114,"extension":1115,"headerImage":1116,"keywords":1117,"meta":1118,"name":1119,"navigation":73,"path":1120,"seo":1121,"series":6,"stem":1122,"updated":6,"year":1123,"__hash__":1124},"blog\u002Fblog\u002Fwaitgroups-in-golang.md","WaitGroups in Golang",null,{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":1096},"minimark",[10,19,24,36,43,46,276,283,456,459,463,466,485,490,504,510,514,525,529,551,608,1092],[11,12,13,14,18],"p",{},"Concurrency in Golang is the ability for functions to run independently of each other. It refers to the composition of a set of ",[15,16,17],"strong",{},"independently executing processes",". To support concurrency, Golang provides us with goroutines. These are functions that run concurrently with other functions or methods. Goroutines are quite efficient and light-weight (use only 2kB of stack space)",[20,21,23],"h2",{"id":22},"what-are-waitgroups","What are WaitGroups?",[11,25,26,27,30,31,35],{},"WaitGroups in Go allows a program to ",[15,28,29],{},"wait for specified goroutines",". This is provided as a part of the ",[32,33,34],"code",{},"sync"," package mainly because WaitGroups are type of sync mechanism that blocks the execution of a program until the execution of goroutines in the group is completed.",[11,37,38,39,42],{},"WaitGroups are important because they allow a goroutine to block the thread and execute it. One would have to handle adding delay in the main thread manually to let the goroutines execute. Using wait groups ensures that your main thread continues execution till ",[32,40,41],{},"wait()"," is reached.",[11,44,45],{},"Here's an example to show the issue without wait group. If you run the code below you'll a sum that is not 10. The issue here is that the main thread exits while your goroutines couldn't complete the execution.",[47,48,53],"pre",{"className":49,"code":50,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"language-go shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","package main\n\nimport (\n    \"fmt\"\n)\n\nfunc main() {\n    sum := 0\n\n    \u002F\u002F function to increment a sum variable by 1\n    increment := func() {\n        sum++\n    }\n\n    for i := 0; i \u003C 10; i++ {\n        go func() {\n            increment()\n        }()\n    }\n\n    fmt.Printf(\"Sum is %d\\n\", sum)\n}\n","go","",[32,54,55,68,75,85,98,104,109,121,134,139,146,159,168,174,179,211,221,230,236,241,246,270],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57,60,64],"span",{"class":58,"line":59},"line",1,[56,61,63],{"class":62},"szBVR","package",[56,65,67],{"class":66},"sScJk"," main\n",[56,69,71],{"class":58,"line":70},2,[56,72,74],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":73},true,"\n",[56,76,78,81],{"class":58,"line":77},3,[56,79,80],{"class":62},"import",[56,82,84],{"class":83},"sVt8B"," (\n",[56,86,88,92,95],{"class":58,"line":87},4,[56,89,91],{"class":90},"sZZnC","    \"",[56,93,94],{"class":66},"fmt",[56,96,97],{"class":90},"\"\n",[56,99,101],{"class":58,"line":100},5,[56,102,103],{"class":83},")\n",[56,105,107],{"class":58,"line":106},6,[56,108,74],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":73},[56,110,112,115,118],{"class":58,"line":111},7,[56,113,114],{"class":62},"func",[56,116,117],{"class":66}," main",[56,119,120],{"class":83},"() {\n",[56,122,124,127,130],{"class":58,"line":123},8,[56,125,126],{"class":83},"    sum ",[56,128,129],{"class":62},":=",[56,131,133],{"class":132},"sj4cs"," 0\n",[56,135,137],{"class":58,"line":136},9,[56,138,74],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":73},[56,140,142],{"class":58,"line":141},10,[56,143,145],{"class":144},"sJ8bj","    \u002F\u002F function to increment a sum variable by 1\n",[56,147,149,152,154,157],{"class":58,"line":148},11,[56,150,151],{"class":83},"    increment ",[56,153,129],{"class":62},[56,155,156],{"class":62}," func",[56,158,120],{"class":83},[56,160,162,165],{"class":58,"line":161},12,[56,163,164],{"class":83},"        sum",[56,166,167],{"class":62},"++\n",[56,169,171],{"class":58,"line":170},13,[56,172,173],{"class":83},"    }\n",[56,175,177],{"class":58,"line":176},14,[56,178,74],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":73},[56,180,182,185,188,190,193,196,199,202,205,208],{"class":58,"line":181},15,[56,183,184],{"class":62},"    for",[56,186,187],{"class":83}," i ",[56,189,129],{"class":62},[56,191,192],{"class":132}," 0",[56,194,195],{"class":83},"; i ",[56,197,198],{"class":62},"\u003C",[56,200,201],{"class":132}," 10",[56,203,204],{"class":83},"; i",[56,206,207],{"class":62},"++",[56,209,210],{"class":83}," {\n",[56,212,214,217,219],{"class":58,"line":213},16,[56,215,216],{"class":62},"        go",[56,218,156],{"class":62},[56,220,120],{"class":83},[56,222,224,227],{"class":58,"line":223},17,[56,225,226],{"class":66},"            increment",[56,228,229],{"class":83},"()\n",[56,231,233],{"class":58,"line":232},18,[56,234,235],{"class":83},"        }()\n",[56,237,239],{"class":58,"line":238},19,[56,240,173],{"class":83},[56,242,244],{"class":58,"line":243},20,[56,245,74],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":73},[56,247,249,252,255,258,261,264,267],{"class":58,"line":248},21,[56,250,251],{"class":83},"    fmt.",[56,253,254],{"class":66},"Printf",[56,256,257],{"class":83},"(",[56,259,260],{"class":90},"\"Sum is ",[56,262,263],{"class":132},"%d\\n",[56,265,266],{"class":90},"\"",[56,268,269],{"class":83},", sum)\n",[56,271,273],{"class":58,"line":272},22,[56,274,275],{"class":83},"}\n",[11,277,278,279,282],{},"As mentioned above one solution to this can be an addition of sleep in the main thread. You will get the sum as 10 but imagine ",[15,280,281],{},"blocking"," your main thread at multiple places across your big codebase.",[47,284,286],{"className":49,"code":285,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"package main\n\nimport (\n    \"fmt\"\n)\n\nfunc main() {\n    sum := 0\n\n    \u002F\u002F function to increment a sum variable by 1\n    increment := func() {\n        sum++\n    }\n\n    for i := 0; i \u003C 10; i++ {\n        go func() {\n            increment()\n        }()\n    }\n\n    time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)\n    fmt.Printf(\"Sum is %d\\n\", sum)\n}\n",[32,287,288,294,298,304,312,316,320,328,336,340,344,354,360,364,368,390,398,404,408,412,416,435,451],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,289,290,292],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,291,63],{"class":62},[56,293,67],{"class":66},[56,295,296],{"class":58,"line":70},[56,297,74],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":73},[56,299,300,302],{"class":58,"line":77},[56,301,80],{"class":62},[56,303,84],{"class":83},[56,305,306,308,310],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,307,91],{"class":90},[56,309,94],{"class":66},[56,311,97],{"class":90},[56,313,314],{"class":58,"line":100},[56,315,103],{"class":83},[56,317,318],{"class":58,"line":106},[56,319,74],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":73},[56,321,322,324,326],{"class":58,"line":111},[56,323,114],{"class":62},[56,325,117],{"class":66},[56,327,120],{"class":83},[56,329,330,332,334],{"class":58,"line":123},[56,331,126],{"class":83},[56,333,129],{"class":62},[56,335,133],{"class":132},[56,337,338],{"class":58,"line":136},[56,339,74],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":73},[56,341,342],{"class":58,"line":141},[56,343,145],{"class":144},[56,345,346,348,350,352],{"class":58,"line":148},[56,347,151],{"class":83},[56,349,129],{"class":62},[56,351,156],{"class":62},[56,353,120],{"class":83},[56,355,356,358],{"class":58,"line":161},[56,357,164],{"class":83},[56,359,167],{"class":62},[56,361,362],{"class":58,"line":170},[56,363,173],{"class":83},[56,365,366],{"class":58,"line":176},[56,367,74],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":73},[56,369,370,372,374,376,378,380,382,384,386,388],{"class":58,"line":181},[56,371,184],{"class":62},[56,373,187],{"class":83},[56,375,129],{"class":62},[56,377,192],{"class":132},[56,379,195],{"class":83},[56,381,198],{"class":62},[56,383,201],{"class":132},[56,385,204],{"class":83},[56,387,207],{"class":62},[56,389,210],{"class":83},[56,391,392,394,396],{"class":58,"line":213},[56,393,216],{"class":62},[56,395,156],{"class":62},[56,397,120],{"class":83},[56,399,400,402],{"class":58,"line":223},[56,401,226],{"class":66},[56,403,229],{"class":83},[56,405,406],{"class":58,"line":232},[56,407,235],{"class":83},[56,409,410],{"class":58,"line":238},[56,411,173],{"class":83},[56,413,414],{"class":58,"line":243},[56,415,74],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":73},[56,417,418,421,424,426,429,432],{"class":58,"line":248},[56,419,420],{"class":83},"    time.",[56,422,423],{"class":66},"Sleep",[56,425,257],{"class":83},[56,427,428],{"class":132},"5",[56,430,431],{"class":62}," *",[56,433,434],{"class":83}," time.Second)\n",[56,436,437,439,441,443,445,447,449],{"class":58,"line":272},[56,438,251],{"class":83},[56,440,254],{"class":66},[56,442,257],{"class":83},[56,444,260],{"class":90},[56,446,263],{"class":132},[56,448,266],{"class":90},[56,450,269],{"class":83},[56,452,454],{"class":58,"line":453},23,[56,455,275],{"class":83},[457,458],"hr",{},[20,460,462],{"id":461},"how-do-the-waitgroups-work","How do the WaitGroups work?",[11,464,465],{},"Waitgroups comes with 3 core methods that help in blocking the execution of a program.",[467,468,469,475,480],"ul",{},[470,471,472],"li",{},[32,473,474],{},"wg.Add(int)",[470,476,477],{},[32,478,479],{},"wg.Wait()",[470,481,482],{},[32,483,484],{},"wg.Done()",[486,487,489],"h3",{"id":488},"add-method","Add() Method",[11,491,492,493,496,497,500,501,503],{},"To define the number of goroutines to wait for, WaitGroup maintains an ",[15,494,495],{},"internal counter"," that is added via ",[32,498,499],{},"wg.Add()"," method. In simple terms, this function adds a value (positive or negative) to the WaitGroup counter. If this counter becomes 0, the waitgroup releases the goroutines that are blocked on the ",[32,502,41],{},". (We'll discuss more about wait below)",[11,505,506,509],{},[15,507,508],{},"Note:"," If the counter goes negative, the code will panic. When dealing with negative values in Add(), handle the panics.",[486,511,513],{"id":512},"wait-method","Wait() Method",[11,515,516,517,520,521,524],{},"The ",[32,518,519],{},"Wait()"," method blocks the execution of code until the internal counter maintained by the waitGroup reduces to a ",[15,522,523],{},"0 value",".",[486,526,528],{"id":527},"done-method","Done() Method",[11,530,531,532,535,536,539,540,547,548,524],{},"Once a goroutine has completed its execution, we need to decrease the count parameter defined in ",[15,533,534],{},"Add(int) by 1",". This can be achieved using the ",[32,537,538],{},"Done()"," method. This is usually used with the ",[541,542,546],"a",{"href":543,"rel":544},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mohitkhare.com\u002Fblog\u002Fdefer-in-golang\u002F",[545],"nofollow","defer"," statement inside the executing goroutine method. If you check the go codebase, you'll see that done method calls Add() with ",[15,549,550],{},"-1 value",[47,552,554],{"className":49,"code":553,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u002F\u002F Ref: https:\u002F\u002Fgo.dev\u002Fsrc\u002Fsync\u002Fwaitgroup.go\nfunc (wg *WaitGroup) Done() {\n    wg.Add(-1)\n}\n",[32,555,556,561,586,604],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,557,558],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,559,560],{"class":144},"\u002F\u002F Ref: https:\u002F\u002Fgo.dev\u002Fsrc\u002Fsync\u002Fwaitgroup.go\n",[56,562,563,565,568,572,575,578,581,584],{"class":58,"line":70},[56,564,114],{"class":62},[56,566,567],{"class":83}," (",[56,569,571],{"class":570},"s4XuR","wg ",[56,573,574],{"class":62},"*",[56,576,577],{"class":66},"WaitGroup",[56,579,580],{"class":83},") ",[56,582,583],{"class":66},"Done",[56,585,120],{"class":83},[56,587,588,591,594,596,599,602],{"class":58,"line":77},[56,589,590],{"class":83},"    wg.",[56,592,593],{"class":66},"Add",[56,595,257],{"class":83},[56,597,598],{"class":62},"-",[56,600,601],{"class":132},"1",[56,603,103],{"class":83},[56,605,606],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,607,275],{"class":83},[609,610,611,613,617,620,623,874,908,910,914,997,999,1003,1019,1023,1046,1050,1073,1075,1078,1087],"ads",{},[457,612],{},[486,614,616],{"id":615},"learning-with-example","Learning with Example",[11,618,619],{},"Let's use the same example as above to understand the three WaitGroup methods better. Here we create multiple goroutines that increment the sum by 1 and finally print out the sum.",[11,621,622],{},"Before diving into the wait group solution we'll see the problem",[47,624,626],{"className":49,"code":625,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"package main\n\nimport (\n    \"fmt\"\n    \"sync\"\n)\n\nfunc main() {\n    sum := 0\n\n    \u002F\u002F function to increment a sum variable by 1\n    increment := func() {\n        sum++\n    }\n\n  \u002F\u002F declare a waitgroup\n    var wg sync.WaitGroup\n\n  \u002F\u002F increment internal counter by 10\n    wg.Add(10)\n\n    for i := 0; i \u003C 10; i++ {\n        go func() {\n            defer wg.Done() \u002F\u002F each iteration reduces the internal counter by 1\n            increment()\n        }()\n    }\n\n  \u002F\u002F wait for all goroutines to be released.\n    wg.Wait()\n\n    fmt.Printf(\"Sum is %d\\n\", sum)\n}\n",[32,627,628,634,638,644,652,660,664,668,676,684,688,692,702,708,712,716,721,736,740,745,758,762,784,792,809,816,821,826,831,837,847,852,869],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,629,630,632],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,631,63],{"class":62},[56,633,67],{"class":66},[56,635,636],{"class":58,"line":70},[56,637,74],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":73},[56,639,640,642],{"class":58,"line":77},[56,641,80],{"class":62},[56,643,84],{"class":83},[56,645,646,648,650],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,647,91],{"class":90},[56,649,94],{"class":66},[56,651,97],{"class":90},[56,653,654,656,658],{"class":58,"line":100},[56,655,91],{"class":90},[56,657,34],{"class":66},[56,659,97],{"class":90},[56,661,662],{"class":58,"line":106},[56,663,103],{"class":83},[56,665,666],{"class":58,"line":111},[56,667,74],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":73},[56,669,670,672,674],{"class":58,"line":123},[56,671,114],{"class":62},[56,673,117],{"class":66},[56,675,120],{"class":83},[56,677,678,680,682],{"class":58,"line":136},[56,679,126],{"class":83},[56,681,129],{"class":62},[56,683,133],{"class":132},[56,685,686],{"class":58,"line":141},[56,687,74],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":73},[56,689,690],{"class":58,"line":148},[56,691,145],{"class":144},[56,693,694,696,698,700],{"class":58,"line":161},[56,695,151],{"class":83},[56,697,129],{"class":62},[56,699,156],{"class":62},[56,701,120],{"class":83},[56,703,704,706],{"class":58,"line":170},[56,705,164],{"class":83},[56,707,167],{"class":62},[56,709,710],{"class":58,"line":176},[56,711,173],{"class":83},[56,713,714],{"class":58,"line":181},[56,715,74],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":73},[56,717,718],{"class":58,"line":213},[56,719,720],{"class":144},"  \u002F\u002F declare a waitgroup\n",[56,722,723,726,729,731,733],{"class":58,"line":223},[56,724,725],{"class":62},"    var",[56,727,728],{"class":83}," wg ",[56,730,34],{"class":66},[56,732,524],{"class":83},[56,734,735],{"class":66},"WaitGroup\n",[56,737,738],{"class":58,"line":232},[56,739,74],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":73},[56,741,742],{"class":58,"line":238},[56,743,744],{"class":144},"  \u002F\u002F increment internal counter by 10\n",[56,746,747,749,751,753,756],{"class":58,"line":243},[56,748,590],{"class":83},[56,750,593],{"class":66},[56,752,257],{"class":83},[56,754,755],{"class":132},"10",[56,757,103],{"class":83},[56,759,760],{"class":58,"line":248},[56,761,74],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":73},[56,763,764,766,768,770,772,774,776,778,780,782],{"class":58,"line":272},[56,765,184],{"class":62},[56,767,187],{"class":83},[56,769,129],{"class":62},[56,771,192],{"class":132},[56,773,195],{"class":83},[56,775,198],{"class":62},[56,777,201],{"class":132},[56,779,204],{"class":83},[56,781,207],{"class":62},[56,783,210],{"class":83},[56,785,786,788,790],{"class":58,"line":453},[56,787,216],{"class":62},[56,789,156],{"class":62},[56,791,120],{"class":83},[56,793,795,798,801,803,806],{"class":58,"line":794},24,[56,796,797],{"class":62},"            defer",[56,799,800],{"class":83}," wg.",[56,802,583],{"class":66},[56,804,805],{"class":83},"() ",[56,807,808],{"class":144},"\u002F\u002F each iteration reduces the internal counter by 1\n",[56,810,812,814],{"class":58,"line":811},25,[56,813,226],{"class":66},[56,815,229],{"class":83},[56,817,819],{"class":58,"line":818},26,[56,820,235],{"class":83},[56,822,824],{"class":58,"line":823},27,[56,825,173],{"class":83},[56,827,829],{"class":58,"line":828},28,[56,830,74],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":73},[56,832,834],{"class":58,"line":833},29,[56,835,836],{"class":144},"  \u002F\u002F wait for all goroutines to be released.\n",[56,838,840,842,845],{"class":58,"line":839},30,[56,841,590],{"class":83},[56,843,844],{"class":66},"Wait",[56,846,229],{"class":83},[56,848,850],{"class":58,"line":849},31,[56,851,74],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":73},[56,853,855,857,859,861,863,865,867],{"class":58,"line":854},32,[56,856,251],{"class":83},[56,858,254],{"class":66},[56,860,257],{"class":83},[56,862,260],{"class":90},[56,864,263],{"class":132},[56,866,266],{"class":90},[56,868,269],{"class":83},[56,870,872],{"class":58,"line":871},33,[56,873,275],{"class":83},[467,875,876,885,892,902],{},[470,877,878,879,882,883],{},"Here ",[32,880,881],{},"var wg sync.WaitGroup"," creates a new ",[32,884,577],{},[470,886,887,888,891],{},"Then ",[32,889,890],{},"wg.Add(10)"," tells that wait group must wait for ten goroutines.",[470,893,894,895,898,899,901],{},"Post that we do ",[32,896,897],{},"defer wg.Done()"," updating the ",[32,900,577],{}," and decreasing the count by 1 on each execution of goroutine completes.",[470,903,904,905,907],{},"Finally ",[32,906,479],{}," blocks the execution until the counter reaches 0 and all the goroutines are released.",[457,909],{},[20,911,913],{"id":912},"things-to-remember","Things to Remember",[467,915,916,979,982],{},[470,917,918,919,924,925,928,929],{},"If a WaitGroup is explicitly passed into functions, it should be done by a pointer. The waitgroup struct in ",[541,920,923],{"href":921,"rel":922},"https:\u002F\u002Fgo.dev\u002Fsrc\u002Fsync\u002Fwaitgroup.go",[545],"waitgroup.go"," defines a ",[32,926,927],{},"noCopy"," attribute. Thus, it must not be copied after first use. Thereby we use pointer.",[47,930,932],{"className":49,"code":931,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"type WaitGroup struct {\n    noCopy noCopy\n\n    state1 uint64\n    state2 uint32\n}\n",[32,933,934,947,955,959,967,975],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,935,936,939,942,945],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,937,938],{"class":62},"type",[56,940,941],{"class":66}," WaitGroup",[56,943,944],{"class":62}," struct",[56,946,210],{"class":83},[56,948,949,952],{"class":58,"line":70},[56,950,951],{"class":83},"    noCopy ",[56,953,954],{"class":66},"noCopy\n",[56,956,957],{"class":58,"line":77},[56,958,74],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":73},[56,960,961,964],{"class":58,"line":87},[56,962,963],{"class":83},"    state1 ",[56,965,966],{"class":62},"uint64\n",[56,968,969,972],{"class":58,"line":100},[56,970,971],{"class":83},"    state2 ",[56,973,974],{"class":62},"uint32\n",[56,976,977],{"class":58,"line":106},[56,978,275],{"class":83},[470,980,981],{},"WaitGoups are just enough if you don’t need any data returned from a goroutine. When data needs to be returned, one can use channels in Go.",[470,983,984,985,988,989,992,993,996],{},"Can't I use a channel to do everything that a WaitGroup does?\n",[986,987],"br",{},"The answer is ",[15,990,991],{},"Yes",". But channels are generally used when there is some ",[15,994,995],{},"communication"," required among goroutines whereas WaitGroups have a single task to wait until all independent operations are executed.",[457,998],{},[20,1000,1002],{"id":1001},"resources","Resources",[467,1004,1005,1012],{},[470,1006,1007],{},[541,1008,1011],{"href":1009,"rel":1010},"https:\u002F\u002Fpkg.go.dev\u002Fsync#WaitGroup",[545],"Go docs: Waitgroups",[470,1013,1014],{},[541,1015,1018],{"href":1016,"rel":1017},"https:\u002F\u002Fblog.nindalf.com\u002Fposts\u002Fhow-goroutines-work\u002F",[545],"How Goroutine work",[486,1020,1022],{"id":1021},"books-to-learn-golang","Books to learn Golang",[467,1024,1025,1032,1039],{},[470,1026,1027],{},[541,1028,1031],{"href":1029,"rel":1030},"https:\u002F\u002Famzn.to\u002F3fYLCqz",[545],"Go Programming Language",[470,1033,1034],{},[541,1035,1038],{"href":1036,"rel":1037},"https:\u002F\u002Famzn.to\u002F3s7fWS3",[545],"Learning Go",[470,1040,1041],{},[541,1042,1045],{"href":1043,"rel":1044},"https:\u002F\u002Famzn.to\u002F3t6PM37",[545],"Go in Action",[486,1047,1049],{"id":1048},"popular-go-articles","Popular Go Articles",[467,1051,1052,1059,1066],{},[470,1053,1054],{},[541,1055,1058],{"href":1056,"rel":1057},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mohitkhare.com\u002Fblog\u002Fintroduction-to-goroutines",[545],"Introduction to Goroutines",[470,1060,1061],{},[541,1062,1065],{"href":1063,"rel":1064},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mohitkhare.com\u002Fblog\u002Frunning-periodic-background-task-golang\u002F",[545],"Running periodic background tasks in Golang",[470,1067,1068],{},[541,1069,1072],{"href":1070,"rel":1071},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mohitkhare.com\u002Fblog\u002Fmarshal-structs-golang",[545],"Marshal structs the right way",[457,1074],{},[11,1076,1077],{},"I hope you learned something new. Feel free to suggest improvements ✔️",[11,1079,1080,1081,1086],{},"I share regular updates and resources on ",[541,1082,1085],{"href":1083,"rel":1084},"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fmkfeuhrer",[545],"Twitter",". Let’s connect!",[11,1088,1089],{},[15,1090,1091],{},"Keep exploring 🔎 Keep learning 🚀",[1093,1094,1095],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .szBVR, html code.shiki .szBVR{--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sScJk, html code.shiki .sScJk{--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVt8B, html code.shiki .sVt8B{--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZZnC, html code.shiki .sZZnC{--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sj4cs, html code.shiki .sj4cs{--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sJ8bj, html code.shiki .sJ8bj{--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s4XuR, html code.shiki .s4XuR{--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":1097},[1098,1099,1105,1106],{"id":22,"depth":70,"text":23},{"id":461,"depth":70,"text":462,"children":1100},[1101,1102,1103,1104],{"id":488,"depth":77,"text":489},{"id":512,"depth":77,"text":513},{"id":527,"depth":77,"text":528},{"id":615,"depth":77,"text":616},{"id":912,"depth":70,"text":913},{"id":1001,"depth":70,"text":1002,"children":1107},[1108,1109],{"id":1021,"depth":77,"text":1022},{"id":1048,"depth":77,"text":1049},[1111,1112],"Golang","Programming","Learn about WaitGroups in golang and how to use them to perform concurrent operations without blocking the main thread.",false,"md","blog\u002Fwaitgroups-in-golang\u002Fwaitgroups-in-golang-card.webp","golang waitgroups, golang waiting group, go wait groups, go waitgroup example",{},"waitgroups-in-golang","\u002Fblog\u002Fwaitgroups-in-golang",{"title":5,"description":1113},"blog\u002Fwaitgroups-in-golang","2022-05-31","FiRk6foCQ_6u2HiM1DaMdboERSW5OVrfO_zraaXZrQk",[1126,1133,1139,1147,1156,1163,1170,1177,1183,1189,1195,1201,1207,1213,1220,1226,1232,1238,1244,1250,1256,1262,1268,1275,1282,1288,1294,1300,1306,1312,1317,1323,1329,1335,1341,1347,1353,1359,1366,1372,1378,1384,1391,1397,1403,1410,1417,1423,1430,1436,1443,1449,1456,1462,1468,1474,1480,1486,1492,1498,1503,1509,1515,1521,1527,1534,1540,1547,1553,1559,1561,1568,1574],{"path":1127,"title":1128,"description":1129,"categories":1130,"draft":73,"year":1132,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fai-assisted-workstation","Building an AI-Assisted Personal Workstation","A living log of building a practical AI-assisted workstation for software and startup work.",[1131,1112],"Productivity","2026-08-08",{"path":1134,"title":1135,"description":1136,"categories":1137,"draft":1114,"year":1138,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Faws-s3-golang","Uploading images to AWS S3 in Golang","In this tutorial I cover how to upload, fetch and manage other operations for objects on AWS S3 in Golang",[1111,1112],"2020-01-12",{"path":1140,"title":1141,"description":1142,"categories":1143,"draft":1114,"year":1146,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fbooks-for-engineers","Best Books for Software Engineers","Best Books to help you build you software engineering career - ranging from fundamentats, interview prep to productivity.",[1144,1145],"Books","Life","2021-12-26",{"path":1148,"title":1149,"description":1150,"categories":1151,"draft":1114,"year":1155,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fbuilding-acrons","Building Acrons 🚀","Building Acrons, a one-stop tool to decode everyday acronyms like DIY, FOMO, and BRB without losing your flow.",[1152,1153,1154],"Side Projects","Web","Tools","2020-05-26",{"path":1157,"title":1158,"description":1159,"categories":1160,"draft":1114,"year":1162,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fcap-theorem","CAP Theorem Explained","Learn the concept and misconceptions around popular CAP theorem in system design.",[1161,1112],"System Design","2021-07-26",{"path":1164,"title":1165,"description":1166,"categories":1167,"draft":1114,"year":1169,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fcode-reviews","Code Review Checklist","Why code reviews matter, and best practices that catch bugs early and keep code quality high before merge.",[1168],"Engineering Principles","2020-07-20",{"path":1171,"title":1172,"description":1173,"categories":1174,"draft":1114,"year":1176,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fdark-mode","Add Dark mode to websites","Dark mode is ❤️️ Add it to your websites with little CSS and JS",[1175,1153],"Javascript","2020-07-04",{"path":1178,"title":1179,"description":1180,"categories":1181,"draft":1114,"year":1182,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fdate-time-golang","Working with Date and Time in Go","Learn how to use time in Golang - Multiple formats, locations and using date.",[1111,1112],"2020-10-09",{"path":1184,"title":1185,"description":1186,"categories":1187,"draft":1114,"year":1188,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fdefer-in-golang","Understanding Defer In Golang","Learn about defer keyword in golang and how it can help you avoid panics due to bugs.",[1111,1112],"2021-05-05",{"path":1190,"title":1191,"description":1192,"categories":1193,"draft":1114,"year":1194,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fenums-golang","Implementing Enums in Golang","Enums are a way to defined set of constant values. Learn how to implement enums in Go using iota with examples.",[1111,1112],"2021-12-18",{"path":1196,"title":1197,"description":1198,"categories":1199,"draft":1114,"year":1200,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fenvironment-variable-golang","Guide to Environment variables in Go","Learn what are environment variables and how to use them in Go",[1111,1112],"2020-08-14",{"path":1202,"title":1203,"description":1204,"categories":1205,"draft":1114,"year":1206,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Ferror-handling-golang","Handle errors the right way — Golang","How to handle errors in golang to make your life easy",[1111,1112],"2020-01-30",{"path":1208,"title":1209,"description":1210,"categories":1211,"draft":1114,"year":1212,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Ffile-upload-golang","Uploading Files in Golang with Multipart Request","Learn how to upload files from your client to server as a multipart request in Golang.",[1111,1112],"2021-03-13",{"path":1214,"title":1215,"description":1216,"categories":1217,"draft":1114,"year":1219,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fgit-branch","Git Branch 101","Branching is a new path of development that makes it a lot easier to build features. Learn why and how to use branching in git.",[1218,1112],"Git","2022-03-20",{"path":1221,"title":1222,"description":1223,"categories":1224,"draft":1114,"year":1225,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fgit-pull-request-template","Guide to Pull Request Templates","Improve collaboration and code reviews with pull request templates. Blog include PR template and how to create one on github\u002Fgitlab",[1218,1112],"2023-08-24",{"path":1227,"title":1228,"description":1229,"categories":1230,"draft":1114,"year":1231,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fgit-remove-sensitive-info","Securing Git: Remove Sensitive Information","Protect your code from security breaches by using BFG tool to remove sensitive information from Git history. Learn how to do it in this comprehensive guide.",[1218,1112],"2023-10-16",{"path":1233,"title":1234,"description":1235,"categories":1236,"draft":1114,"year":1237,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fgit-tags-explained","Git tags : Explained","What Git tags are, why and when to use them, and how to start tagging releases in your own projects.",[1218,1112],"2020-06-18",{"path":1239,"title":1240,"description":1241,"categories":1242,"draft":1114,"year":1243,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fgo-dependency-injection","Dependency Injection in Go using Wire","Learn about dependency injection, its benefits and how to implement it in Go services using wire",[1111,1112],"2022-11-26",{"path":1245,"title":1246,"description":1247,"categories":1248,"draft":1114,"year":1249,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fgo-generics","Introduction to Generics in Go","Learn about generics in Golang, it's benefits and how to implement it in applications.",[1111,1112],"2022-11-27",{"path":1251,"title":1252,"description":1253,"categories":1254,"draft":1114,"year":1255,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fgo-in-memory-cache","Building In-Memory Cache in Go","Learn about in-memory caching in Golang, it's benefits and how to implement it with and without generics with a TTL(expiry).",[1111,1112],"2024-03-28",{"path":1257,"title":1258,"description":1259,"categories":1260,"draft":1114,"year":1261,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fgo-makefile","Ultimate Makefile for Golang","Boost your productivity and save time with ultimate Makefile for Golang projects.",[1111,1112],"2024-06-10",{"path":1263,"title":1264,"description":1265,"categories":1266,"draft":1114,"year":1267,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fgo-middleware","Mastering Middlewares in Golang","Learn about middlewares, their use cases and how to implement them in Golang applications",[1111,1112],"2022-03-13",{"path":1269,"title":1270,"description":1271,"categories":1272,"draft":1114,"year":1274,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fgo-naming-conventions","Naming Conventions in Golang","Why naming conventions matter in Go, with best practices and practical examples for clear, readable, maintainable code.",[1111,1112,1273],"Code Quality","2023-05-19",{"path":1276,"title":1277,"description":1278,"categories":1279,"draft":1114,"year":1281,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fgo-with-redis","Go with Redis","A practical introduction to using Redis with Golang to make your applications faster with in-memory data storage.",[1111,1280,1112],"Database","2020-05-03",{"path":1283,"title":1284,"description":1285,"categories":1286,"draft":1114,"year":1287,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fgolang-maps","Learn Maps in Golang (with examples)","A complete guide to maps in Golang: creating maps, adding and removing items, iterating, and how map equality works.",[1111,1112],"2020-09-10",{"path":1289,"title":1290,"description":1291,"categories":1292,"draft":1114,"year":1293,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fguide-to-cdn","Guide to Content Delivery Network","CDN is one of the backbone of modern world internet infrastructure. Learn about Content Delivery Network, it's working, types and benefits.",[1161,1112],"2022-01-23",{"path":1295,"title":1296,"description":1297,"categories":1298,"draft":1114,"year":1299,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fguide-to-rule-engines","Guide to Rule Engines","Rule Engines help in solving changing business requirements with ease. 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Learn about JWTs in depth, from its structure to when to use it.",[1112,1153],"2021-11-20",{"path":1330,"title":1331,"description":1332,"categories":1333,"draft":1114,"year":1334,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Flearn-to-say-no","Learning to say No","Learn why it's important to say 'NO'. How it helps in increasing productivity and explore strategies for saying No",[1145,1144],"2022-04-09",{"path":1336,"title":1337,"description":1338,"categories":1339,"draft":1114,"year":1340,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Flearn-unlearn-relearn","Learn - Unlearn - Relearn","Unlearning things to learn new is the way to grow. Discover how to do that!",[1131,1145],"2020-09-25",{"path":1342,"title":1343,"description":1344,"categories":1345,"draft":1114,"year":1346,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Flinting-in-golang","Introduction to Linting in Go","Introduction to improving code quality using linting. Learn how to add linting in your Go projects.",[1111,1112],"2021-07-07",{"path":1348,"title":1349,"description":1350,"categories":1351,"draft":1114,"year":1352,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fload-balancing","Load Balancing 101","Complete guide on load balancers explaining the internal working and how does it help in making applications efficient.",[1161,1112],"2021-05-29",{"path":1354,"title":1355,"description":1356,"categories":1357,"draft":1114,"year":1358,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fmaking-decisions-the-right-way","Making Decisions: The right way","Decisions are hard! Learn how to make the right decisions always",[1131,1145],"2020-06-07",{"path":1360,"title":1361,"description":1362,"categories":1363,"draft":1114,"year":1365,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fmanage-logs-with-logrotate","Using Logrotate to manage logs","Learn how to use logrotate system utility to manage logs with example",[1364,1112],"Linux","2020-09-08",{"path":1367,"title":1368,"description":1369,"categories":1370,"draft":1114,"year":1371,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fmarshal-structs-golang","Marshal structs the right way: Golang","Why Golang marshals empty structs into your JSON instead of null, and how to marshal structs the right way.",[1111,1112],"2020-03-31",{"path":1373,"title":1374,"description":1375,"categories":1376,"draft":1114,"year":1377,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fnotes-almanack-naval","Book Notes : Almanack of Naval Ravikant","My notes\u002Fhighlights from Almanack of Naval Ravikant book by Eric Jorgenson",[1144,1145],"2020-10-17",{"path":1379,"title":1380,"description":1381,"categories":1382,"draft":1114,"year":1383,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fnotes-anything-you-want","Book Notes : Anything you want","My notes\u002Fhighlights from Anything you want book by Derek Sivers",[1144,1145],"2021-09-25",{"path":1385,"title":1386,"description":1387,"categories":1388,"draft":1114,"year":1390,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fnotes-getting-real","Book Notes : Getting Real","My notes and highlights from Getting Real by Jason Fried and David Heinemeier Hansson on building web applications.",[1144,1389],"Startups","2020-11-03",{"path":1392,"title":1393,"description":1394,"categories":1395,"draft":1114,"year":1396,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fnotes-hell-yeah-or-no","Book Notes : Hell Yeah or No","My notes\u002Fhighlights from Hell Yeah or No book by Derek Sivers",[1144,1145],"2020-09-16",{"path":1398,"title":1399,"description":1400,"categories":1401,"draft":1114,"year":1402,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fnotes-how-to-be-a-capitalist","Book Notes : How to Be a Capitalist Without Any Capital","My notes\u002Fhighlights from How to Be a Capitalist Without Any Capital by Nathan Latka",[1144,1389],"2020-01-07",{"path":1404,"title":1405,"description":1406,"categories":1407,"draft":1114,"year":1409,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fnotes-lean-b2b","Book Notes : Lean B2B","My notes and highlights from Lean B2B by Étienne Garbugli on assessing markets, building MVPs, and selling to businesses.",[1144,1408],"Entrepreneurship","2022-07-02",{"path":1411,"title":1412,"description":1413,"categories":1414,"draft":1114,"year":1416,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fnotes-lets-talk-money","Book Notes : Let's Talk Money","My notes and highlights from Let's Talk Money by Monica Halan on managing personal finances and savings.",[1144,1415],"Personal Finance","2021-02-26",{"path":1418,"title":1419,"description":1420,"categories":1421,"draft":1114,"year":1422,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fnotes-obviously-awesome","Book Notes : Obviously Awesome","My notes and highlights from Obviously Awesome by April Dunford on product positioning and marketing strategy.",[1144,1389],"2020-04-26",{"path":1424,"title":1425,"description":1426,"categories":1427,"draft":1114,"year":1429,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fnotes-refactoring-ui","Book Notes: Refactoring UI","My notes and highlights from Refactoring UI by Adam Wathan and Steve Schoger, full of practical design tips for engineers.",[1144,1428],"Design","2020-05-09",{"path":1431,"title":1432,"description":1433,"categories":1434,"draft":1114,"year":1435,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fnotes-rework","Book Notes: Rework","My notes and highlights from Rework by Jason Fried and David Heinemeier Hansson on a better way to succeed in business.",[1144,1389],"2021-04-14",{"path":1437,"title":1438,"description":1439,"categories":1440,"draft":1114,"year":1442,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fone-on-one-meetings","Guide to Effective 1:1 Meetings","One on One meetings are important for your personal & professional growth. Learn how to master 1:1s with your manager and peers.",[1441,1131],"Career","2023-03-05",{"path":1444,"title":1445,"description":1446,"categories":1447,"draft":1114,"year":1448,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fpersonal-okrs","Personal OKRs for Success","Why one should set personal OKRs and how to achieve success with them",[1131,1145],"2020-06-27",{"path":1450,"title":1451,"description":1452,"categories":1453,"draft":1114,"year":1455,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fpoker-tips","Poker Tips: Johns Hopkins Poker Class","Notes from Johns Hopkins poker course. This guide will help you improve in Poker and win some large pots.",[1145,1454],"Poker","2020-06-13",{"path":1457,"title":1458,"description":1459,"categories":1460,"draft":1114,"year":1461,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fpomodoro","Get work done: The Pomo Way","Learn to focus and get productive by following the Pomodoro Technique",[1131],"2020-10-24",{"path":1463,"title":1464,"description":1465,"categories":1466,"draft":1114,"year":1467,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fpostgres-constraints","Postgres Constraints","Constraints are line of defense for database. Explore various types of constrainsts in postgres",[1280,1112],"2020-11-07",{"path":1469,"title":1470,"description":1471,"categories":1472,"draft":1114,"year":1473,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fppf-explained","PPF Explained","Learn basics about Public Provident Fund and why you should invest",[1145,1415],"2020-12-24",{"path":1475,"title":1476,"description":1477,"categories":1478,"draft":1114,"year":1479,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fproductivity-chrome-extensions","Boost Productivity with Chrome Extensions","Utitizing chrome extensions to boost your productivity!",[1131,1154,1153],"2020-04-24",{"path":1481,"title":1482,"description":1483,"categories":1484,"draft":1114,"year":1485,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fproductivity-in-vscode","Improve your productivity with VS Code","Key VS Code features like the integrated terminal, shortcuts, and extensions that improved my everyday productivity.",[1131,1112],"2020-03-12",{"path":1487,"title":1488,"description":1489,"categories":1490,"draft":1114,"year":1491,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Freading-101","Improving Reading 101","Why reading matters, how to build a reading habit, and what to read next - from my own journey into books.",[1144,1145],"2020-04-04",{"path":1493,"title":1494,"description":1495,"categories":1496,"draft":1114,"year":1497,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Freverse-proxy","Understanding Reverse Proxy","Learn about reverse proxy, how it is different from forward proxy and explore advantages of using it in system design.",[1161,1112],"2021-10-03",{"path":1499,"title":1065,"description":1500,"categories":1501,"draft":1114,"year":1502,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Frunning-periodic-background-task-golang","How to run periodic background tasks in Golang by combining cron-style scheduling with background execution.",[1111,1112],"2019-11-21",{"path":1504,"title":1505,"description":1506,"categories":1507,"draft":1114,"year":1508,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fsessions-in-golang","Sessions using Golang and Redis","How cookies and sessions work, and how to implement persistent login sessions in Golang using Redis.",[1111,1280,1112],"2020-02-25",{"path":1510,"title":1511,"description":1512,"categories":1513,"draft":1114,"year":1514,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fsolid-dry-kiss-yagni","Solid Dry Kiss Yagni","An introduction to the SOLID, DRY, KISS, and YAGNI principles and how they help you write cleaner, robust code.",[1168],"2020-07-17",{"path":1516,"title":1517,"description":1518,"categories":1519,"draft":1114,"year":1520,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fstack-in-golang","Implement Stack in Golang","Learn how to implement stack data structure in Golang (Full code)",[1111,1112],"2020-09-14",{"path":1522,"title":1523,"description":1524,"categories":1525,"draft":1114,"year":1526,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fstart-oss-today","Start your Open Source journey today","Start your OSS journey with intro to GIT. Participate in Hacktoberfest!",[1218,1112],"2020-09-19",{"path":1528,"title":1529,"description":1530,"categories":1531,"draft":1114,"year":1533,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fsticky-social-bar","Sticky social share component in HTML","Learn how to build a social media sharing component in HTML and add it to your website.",[1112,1532],"Frontend","2021-02-05",{"path":1535,"title":1536,"description":1537,"categories":1538,"draft":1114,"year":1539,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fterm-insurance","Term insurance Simplified","Everything you need to know before you buy a term insurance.",[1145,1415],"2020-11-29",{"path":1541,"title":1542,"description":1543,"categories":1544,"draft":1114,"year":1546,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fterminal-output-with-redirection","Handling terminal outputs with Redirection","Learn how to handle terminal outputs with Redirection and saving it to files",[1364,1545,1112],"Terminal","2020-09-06",{"path":1548,"title":1549,"description":1550,"categories":1551,"draft":1114,"year":1552,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fthink-and-grow-rich","Book Notes: Think and Grow Rich","My notes and highlights from Think and Grow Rich by Napoleon Hill, covering its process for building wealth.",[1144,1145],"2020-05-19",{"path":1554,"title":1555,"description":1556,"categories":1557,"draft":1114,"year":1558,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Ftransactions-postgres-golang","Transactions on Postgres with Golang","Performing Postgres database operations in Golang with GORM, from basic queries to full transaction support.",[1111,1280,1112],"2020-03-18",{"path":1120,"title":5,"description":1113,"categories":1560,"draft":1114,"year":1123,"series":6},[1111,1112],{"path":1562,"title":1563,"description":1564,"categories":1565,"draft":1114,"year":1567,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fwhat-i-use","What I Use: Products and Softwares","List of what I use in my day to day life ranging from terminal, editors, softwares, devices to accessories",[1145,1566],"Tech","2024-06-01",{"path":1569,"title":1570,"description":1571,"categories":1572,"draft":1114,"year":1573,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fyear-in-review-2020","Year in Review: 2020","It's a wrap! 2020 was a crazy year, See how my year went!",[1145],"2020-12-31",{"path":1575,"title":1576,"description":1577,"categories":1578,"draft":1114,"year":1579,"series":6},"\u002Fblog\u002Fyear-in-review-2021","Year in Review: 2021","It's a wrap! 2021 was a mixed bag, full of ups and downs. Key Goal for 2022: Start now!",[1145],"2021-12-31",1787743427805]